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Because of the secretive nature of the massive wartime effort to produce the world’s first atomic bomb, Oak Ridge was fenced, and traffic in and out of the city’s seven gates was highly monitored by armed guards. From April 1, 1943, until March 19,…

Originally only intended for 12,000 residents, the Oak Ridge site of the Manhattan Project grew to 75,000 individuals by 1945. Such phenomenal growth placed high demands on the city’s support systems and infrastructures. Consequently, much hard work…